Gwaro raburitswa nhasi neWorld Health Organisation rinoratidza kuti chikamu che99%.vagari venyika vari kufema mweyaiyo inodarika WHO air quality miganhu, kutyisidzira hutano hwavo, uye vanhu vanogara mumaguta vari kufema mazinga asina kunaka ezvakanaka zvezvinhu uye nitrogen dioxide, nevanhu vari pasi - uye nyika dzepakati-kati dzinonyanya kukanganiswa.
Mushumo wacho unotaura kuti maguta anopfuura 6 000 munyika 117 ari kuongorora hutano hwemhepo, nhamba yerekodhi.Sangano reWorld Health Organisation rinosimbisa kukosha kwekudzikamisa kushandiswa kwemafuta efossil uye kutora mamwe matanho anoshanda kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Fine particulate matter uye nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide yakajairika inosvibisa mudhorobha uye inotungamira kune particulate matter uye ozone.Iyo 2022 yekuvandudza yeWHO Air Quality Database inosuma pasi-yakavakirwa zviyero zvepagore zvinoreva kuomeswa kwenitrogen dioxide (NO2) kekutanga.Iyo yekuvandudza inosanganisira kuyera zvinhu zvine dhayamita yakaenzana kana isingasviki 10 microns (PM10) kana 2.5 microns (PM2.5).Mhando mbiri idzi dzezvinosvibisa zvinonyanya kubva mumabasa evanhu ane chekuita nekupiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa.
Iyo itsva dhizaini yemhando yemhepo ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda kusvika parizvino inovhara pamusoro pekusvibiswa kwemhepo.Anosvika zviuru zviviri mamwe maguta/kugarwa kwevanhu zvino anorekodha pasi-based monitoring data yechinhu chakatsetseka, PM10 uye/kana.PM2.5zvichienzaniswa nekuvandudzwa kwekupedzisira.Izvi zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwakapetwa katanhatu muhuwandu hwemishumo kubva pakatangwa dhatabhesi muna 2011.
Panguva imwecheteyo, hwaro hwehumbowo hwekukuvadza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kumuviri wemunhu hwave kukura nekukurumidza, nehumbowo hunoratidza kuti zvakawanda zvinosvibisa mweya zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya kunyangwe kwakaderera zvakanyanya.
Particulate matter, kunyanya PM2.5, inogona kupinda zvakadzika mumapapu ichipinda muropa, inokanganisa moyo, cerebrovascular (stroke) uye masystem ekufema.Humbowo hutsva hunoratidza kuti zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa dzimwe nhengo uye kukonzera zvimwe zvirwere.
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti nitrogen dioxide yakabatana nezvirwere zvekufema, kunyanya asthma, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvekufema (sekukosora, kufema kana kutadza kufema), kuchipatara uye kushanya kwekukurumidzira.
"Kukwira kwemitengo yemafuta ezvicherwa, kuchengetedzeka kwesimba uye nekukasira kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri ehutano hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunosimbisa kukosha kwekukurumidzira kuvakwa kwenyika isingatsamiri pamafuta ezvicherwa," akadaro Director-General weWHO, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
Matanho ekuvandudzamhepo yemhandouye utano
Ndiani ari kushevedzera kukurumidza uye kwakasimba chiito kutora matanho ekuvandudza mhepo.Semuyenzaniso, tora kana gadziridza uye shandisa mitemo yemhando yemhepo yenyika inoenderana neazvino WHO air quality guidelines;Kutsigira shanduko yekuchenesa simba reimba pakubika, kupisa uye mwenje;Kuvaka masisitimu ezvifambiso zvakachengeteka uye asingadhure uye vanofamba netsoka - uye network-inoshamwaridzika bhasikoro;Kuita kuomesera kuburitswa kwemotokari uye zviyero zvehunyanzvi;Kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa kwemotokari;Kuisa mari mudzimba dzinoshanda nesimba uye kugadzira magetsi;Kuvandudza mashandiro emarara emaindasitiri nemanisipala;Deredzai mabasa ekurima masango sekupisa marara ekurima, kupiswa kwemasango nekugadzira marasha.
Maguta mazhinji ane matambudziko nenitrogen dioxide
Panyika zana negumi nenomwe dzinotarisa kunaka kwemhepo, 17 muzana yemaguta ari munyika dzine mari yakawanda ane mhepo iri pazasi WHO air quality nhungamiro yePM2.5 kana PM10, chirevo chakadaro.Munyika dzakaderera - uye dzepakati-kati, isingasviki 1% yemaguta anosangana neWHO yakakurudzirwa zvikumbaridzo zvemhando yemhepo.
Pasi rose, nyika dzakaderera - uye dzepakati penyika dzichiri kuratidzirwa kune husina hutano hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvichienzaniswa neavhareji yepasi rose, asi NO2 mapatani anosiyana, zvichiratidza musiyano mudiki pakati pepamusoro - uye pasi - uye nyika dzepakati.
Kudiwa kwekuvandudzwa kwekutarisa
Europe uye, kusvika pamwero wakati, North America inoramba iri matunhu ane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwemhando yemhepo.Kunyange zviyero zvePM2.5 zvisati zvave kuwanikwa munyika dzakawanda dzakaderera - uye dzepakati, dzakavandudza zvakanyanya pakati pekupedzisira dhatabhesi update muna 2018 uye iyi update, uye 1,500 kumwe kugariswa kwevanhu munyika idzi kunotarisa kunaka kwemhepo.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-24-2023