Coronaviruses inogona kutapuriranwa nenzira yemadonhwe, nhamba diki yadzo inogona kutapurirwa nekubata * 13, uye inogona zvakare kutapurirwa nefecal-oral * 14, uye parizvino inoonekwa sekufambiswa neaerosols.
Droplet kutapurirana ndiko kutapurirana nhambwe-pfupi ine huwandu hwemamita mashoma chete, nepo aerosols inogona kuenda kure.
Semuenzaniso, kuhotsira kune madonhwe e40,000, ayo madonhwe makuru ari> 60 microns, uye madonhwe maduku ari 10-60 microns.Sezvo hunyoro hwemukati husingasviki 100% RH, madonhwe acho anozotanga kubuda nekukasira.Mushure menguva, madonhwe anozoita donhwe nuclei * 1 ye 0.5-12 microns.
Pamusoro pekukosora, chikosoro chinoburitsa madonhwe anosvika mazana matatu, ayo akaenzana nemadonhwe emudonhwe anogadzirwa nemunhuwo zvake achitaura kwemaminitsi mashanu*2 Kumhanya kwekutanga kwemadonhwe anoburitswa nekuhotsira kwakakwira zvakanyanya, ingangoita 100m/s. saka inogona kupararira kusvika kumamita akati wandei Madonhwe anogadzirwa nekufema kwakajairika anogona zvakare kufemerwa nevanhu 1 mita*4.
Iko musimboti weaerosol ndiro izwi rinowanzoreva kusimba kana zvidimbu zvemvura zvakamiswa mumhepo.Iyo ine mukurumbira wakashata PM2.5 is aerosol ine dhayamita(chaizvoizvo aerodynamic dhayamita) isingasviki 2.5 microns.Mushure mekunge madonhwe anotakura huwandu hukuru hwehutachiona aburitswa kubva mumuviri wemunhu, achaita evaporation, kuderera muhukuru, uye chikamu chavo chinowira pasi.Chikamu chakarembera mumhepo chichaita aerosol inotakura utachiona.
Iyo idiki saizi, iyo aerosol ichave yakawanda yekufamba chinhambwe chikuru-nekuti aerosols madiki haambomhara nekukurumidza, anozoenda kure nekuyerera kwemhepo.
Semuenzaniso, aerosol inotakura utachiona hune dhayamita ye100 microns ichamhara mumasekonzi gumi, aerosol ine 20 microns ichamhara mumaminitsi mana, uye aerosol yemamicrons gumi ichamhara mumaminitsi gumi nemanomwe.Zvisinei, aerosols ye 1 micron uye duku ichamiswa mumhepo inenge "zvisingagumi" * 5 (kupfuura maawa mashomanana, kana kunyange mazuva mashomanana).Hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti aerosol inotakura utachiona huvepo kune hutachiwana hwenguva refu.
Ko Mhepo Yekuchenesa Mafirita Anobata Virus-Size Aerosols?
Muchidimbu: mazhinji achaita, zvisinei, mamwe anosefa zvakanyanya uye mamwe anosefa zvishoma.Mamwe anosefa nekukurumidza uye mamwe anosefa zvishoma nezvishoma.Kune vashandisi vakajairwa, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza imwe ine yakakwirira kusefa inoshanda uye nekukurumidza kusefa kumhanya.
Cherechedzo: [Kushanda Kwepamusoro] zvinoreva kuti hutachiona hune mukana wakakura wekubatwa kana uchipfuura nemusefa.[Kukurumidza kusefa kumhanya] zvinoreva kuti mavhairasi akawanda anopfuura nepasefa chinhu munguva pfupi, uye ese ari maviri akakosha zvakaenzana.Vazhinji vashandisi ve novice vanowanzoona [kunyanya kushanda zvakanaka] uye kufuratira [kukurumidza kusefa kumhanya], izvo zvinozotungamira kune: kunyangwe iyo sefa chinhu chinogona kutora ingangoita zana muzana yehutachiona aerosol inoyerera kuburikidza nayo, hutachiona aerosol inopfuura nepasefa chinhu zvakare. zvishoma , maaerosols ari mumhepo anodonha zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiita kuti pave nehutachiona hutsva.
(1) Ndeipisefa zvinhu zvine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro?
Zvinoenderana neAmerican standard ASHRAE 52.2, kusefa kwakanaka kwesefa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukufefetera kunoiswa sezvizvi (MERV1-MERV16):
Giredhi resefa riri pamusoro peMERV16 iHEPA.Iyo imwechete sefa chinhu chine akasiyana kusefa kunyatsoshanda kweaerosols ehukuru hwakasiyana.Zvinoenderana nemufananidzo uri pazasi, isu tinogona kuona kuti iyo sefa chinhu chine kushomeka kwesefa yeaerosols pachiyero che 0.1 micron kusvika 1 micron.Nekudaro, MERV16 mafirita zvinhu uye epamusoro mamakisi eHEPA Iyo sefa chinhu * 11 ine yakanaka kusefa mhedzisiro yeiyi siyana yeaerosols, uye chiyero chekubvisa chinogona kusvika 95% kana kutokwira.
Naizvozvo, hapana mubvunzo kuti vashandisi vanofanira kusarudza asefa chinhu pamusoro MERV16 - HEPA sefa chinhu.
Nekudaro, parizvino, China yemhepo yekuchenesa sefa zvinhu hazvifanirwe kumaka iyo sefa element yekusefa giredhi.Inokodzera kusefa zvinhu (sefa zvinhu pamusoro pegiredhi MERV16) zvine mazwi anotevera:
"H13/H12/E12 sefa chinhu/firita/sefa sikirini/bepa rekusefa"
"99.5% (kana 99.95%) kusefa kwe0.3μm micron particles/aerosols"
vanhu vanobvunzawo DO HEPA mafirita anodzivirira kubva kuCOVID
(2) Ndeipifilter elementine kukurumidza kusefa kumhanya?
Muchokwadi, izvi hazvidi chete kushomeka kwekushomeka kwesefa chinhu, asi zvakare kunoda yakakura mhepo vhoriyamu ye fan.Iko kukurumidza kusefa yekumhanyisa kwesefa chinhu kunoreva kuti hutachiona-ine aerosols inogara mumhepo kwenguva pfupi, uye inotorwa nesefa element nekukasira, ichitevera inotevera mitemo:
Avhareji yenguva yekuti maaerosols ane hutachiona arambe ari mumhepo ∝ room volume/CADR
Ndiko kuti, iyo yakakura CADR yemhepo inonatsa, iyo ipfupi yeavhareji nguva iyo aerosol inoramba iri mumhepo.
Kupa muenzaniso wakapfava, muimba yekurara ye 15 square metres (2.4 metres kumusoro), zvichibva pane yakajairika room ventilation rate ye 0.3 times paawa, avhareji yenguva yekuti maaerosols anotakura hutachiona arambe ari mumhepo maawa 3.3.Nekudaro, kana mhepo yekuchenesa ine CADR = 120m³/h yakabatidzwa mukamuri, avhareji yenguva yekuti madonhwe nuclei arambe ari mumhepo inoderedzwa kusvika maminetsi gumi nemasere (chero magonhi nemahwindo zvakavharwa).
Muchidimbu: Kune hutachiona aerosols, iyo yakakwirira yekusefa kweiyo sefa element, inokwira iyo CADR yemhepo inonatsa, uye zvirinani maitiro ekuchenesa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-23-2022