Wese munhu anoziva nezve kusvibiswa kwemweya zvimedu senge smog uye PM2.5.Pamusoro pazvo, takatambura navo kwemakore akawanda.Nekudaro, zvimedu zvakaita sehutsi uye PM2.5 zvagara zvichionekwa sezvitubu zvekunze kusvibiswa kwemhepo.Munhu wose ane kusanzwisisana kwepanyama kwavari, achifunga kuti chero bedzi iwe uchienda kumba uye kuvhara mahwindo, unogona kuparadzanisa kusvibiswa.Sekuziva kwemunhu wese, kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemukati ndiyo chaiyo mhondi isingaonekwe.
Indoor kusvibiswa kwemhepo ndiyo yatinowanzo sangana nayo uye ine nguva yakareba yekuratidzwa.Mushure mokusvika kune imwe nhanho mumhepo, ichava nemigumisiro yakaipa pamuviri uye kunyange kukonzera zvirwere.Zvinotonyanya kukosha, kusvibiswa kwemweya wemukati kunoumbwa nekusvibiswa kunogadzirwa mukati uye kusvibiswa kunopinda mukamuri kubva kunze.
Kana mhepo yekunze AQI index yakadzikira, yekunze haina mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo yemukati, uye kuvhura mahwindo ekupinza mhepo kunobatsira kunyungudutsa zvinosvibisa mukati.Nekudaro, kana iyo AQI index yemhepo yekunze yakakwira uye kusvibiswa kwakakomba, senge smog mamiriro ekunze, kusvibiswa kwemukati kunenge kwakapetwa kaviri.
Zvinowanikwa zvinosvibisa mukati medzimba zvinonyanya kusvibisa zvinoburitswa nemaitiro ekupisa akadai sekuputa uye kubika.Iko kusungirirwa kwakakwira uye huwandu hwenguva dzekuburitswa kwakakwira, uye zvimedu zvakanaka zvinoshongedzwa nemaketeni emukati nemasofa, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwenguva refu uye kunonoka kuburitsa maitiro.Sechitatu-ruokofodya.
Chechipiri, fenicha yakaderera, fenicha nyowani kana yepasi, pamwe nezvinhu zvinoputika senge furo remukati nepurasitiki zvinopisa zvinosvibisa zvinokuvadza, senge formaldehyde!Rudzi urwu rwekunhuhwirira kwakashata kunogonawo kuita kuti vanhu vachenjere, asi zvisina ruvara uye zvisinganhuwi zvinosvibisa gasi senge toluene zviri nyore kutora nyore.
Muna Chikunguru 2022, National Health Commission yakaburitsa zviri pamutemo chiyero chakakurudzirwa "Indoor Air Quality Standard" (GB/T 18883-2022) (inozonzi "Standard"), yekutanga yakagadziridzwa yakakurudzirwa mwero munyika yangu mumakore makumi maviri apfuura. makore.
"Standard" yakawedzera zviratidzo zvitatu zvemukati memhepo yakanaka particulate matter (PM2.5), trichlorethylene uye tetrachlorethylene, uye yakagadzirisa miganhu yezviratidzi zvishanu (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, total bacteria, radon).Kune ichangobva kuwedzerwa PM2.5, kukosha kwakajairika kweavhareji yeawa makumi maviri nemana haipfuure 50µg/m³, uye kune iripo inhalable turtle matter (PM10), kukosha kwakajairwa kweavhareji yeawa makumi maviri nemana haipfuure 100µg/m³ .
Parizvino, kuvandudzwa kwemweya wemukati wemukati kunonyanya kutarisisa kuderedzwa kana kubviswa kwekusvibiswa kwechikamu.Zvinangwa zvekubvisa zvezvinatsi zvemhepo zvakawanda zvinotanga zvinonongedza kune particulate kusvibiswa.Sezvo mhuri dzakawanda uye makambani achiziva basa rekuchenesa mhepo, vanhu vakawanda vanoda kutenga mhepo yekuchenesa kuchengetedza hutano hwemhuri dzavo nevashandi.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, mamwe manzwi anopikisana akateverawo.Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kuchenesa mhepo ingori "IQ mutero" mutsva, pfungwa yakave yakanyanyisa uye yakashambadzirwa, uye haigone kunyatso kuvandudza nekuchengetedza hutano hwedu.
Saka vanochenesa mweya vanongori "IQ mutero"?
Chikoro chePublic Health cheFudan University neShanghai Environmental Protection Industry Association chakaongorora mhedzisiro yevanochenesa mweya pahutano kubva pamhedzisiro yeongororo yakadhindwa pamusoro pezvinonatsa mweya uye hutano hwevanhu.
Parizvino, tsvagiridzo pamusoro pehutano hwehutano hwemukati memhepo inonatsa kana yakasanganiswa mhepo nyowani pahutano hwevanhu kazhinji inotora dhizaini ye "kupindira tsvagiridzo", kureva, kuenzanisa huwandu hwevanhu vasati uye mushure mekushandisa zvinonatsa mweya, kana kuenzanisa kushandiswa kwe “chaiyo” kuchenesa mweya (nekusefa Shanduko dzakawiriraniswa mumhando yemhepo uye zviratidzi zvehutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu pakati pe”yekunyepedzera” mweya wekuchenesa (nemodule yesefa yakabviswa) Hutano hunogona kuratidzwa nekuyerwa hunoenderana nemusiyano mukufumurwa. huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu hwakashandurwa nekupindira uye kureba kwekupindira.Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zviripo ndezvekupindira kwenguva pfupi, uye migumisiro yehutano inobatanidzwa inonyanya kuiswa muhutano hwekufema uye hutano hwehutano hwemwoyo, izvo zviriwo matambudziko maviri ehutano. izvo zvinonyanya kukanganiswa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo uye zvine mutoro wezvirwere zvakanyanya.Ngationgororei zvinhu zviviri izvi pamwechete.
Indoor Air Quality Interventions uye Respiratory Health
Kuratidzwa kune zvinosvibisa mhepo yemukati kunowedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvine chekuita nekufema.Zvakapesana, kushandisa midziyo yekuchenesa mhepo kuderedza zvinosvibisa mukati zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuvandudza zviratidzo zvekuzvimba kwemhepo uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvebasa remapapu.FeNO (exhaled nitric oxide) chimwe chezviratidzo zvinoratidza huwandu hwekuzvimba muchikamu chepasi chekufema.
Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti kana uchitarisa kune varwere vane zvirwere zvekufema zviripo, kupindira kwemukati memhepo kune yakakosha kudzivirira pahutano hwekufema system.Kune varwere vane allergic rhinitis, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti nekuda kwekupindira kwevanochenesa mhepo, zviratidzo zverhinitis kune varwere vane pollen allergy inovandudzwa zvakanyanya.
Migumisiro yekutsvakurudza inoenderana muSouth Korea inoratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kweHEPA (High Efficiency Air Filtration Module) kuchenesa mweya kunoderedza zvakanyanya kudiwa kwemishonga kune varwere vane allergic rhinitis.
Kune varwere vane asthmatic, chiitiko chekutanga cheasthmatic reactions chakanyanya kuderera kune varwere vanoshandisa mweya purifiers;panguva imwecheteyo, kuchenesa mhepo kwakadzivirirawo kunonoka asthmatic reactions.
Zvakaonekwawo kuti panguva yekushandiswa kwemhepo yekuchenesa, kuwanda kwekushandiswa kwemishonga muvana vane asthma kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye nhamba yemazuva ayo asthmatics yakanga isina zviratidzo yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
Indoor air quality kupindira uye hutano hwemwoyo
Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza kuti kuratidzwa kune ambient PM2.5 kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya chirwere chemoyo uye kufa, pamwe nekuwedzera zviratidzo zvechirwere chemoyo.Dzimwe nguva kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi chete kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba, yakadai semwoyo unouraya.Irregularities, myocardial infarction, mwoyo kusakundikana, kamwe kamwe kusungwa kwemwoyo, nezvimwewo.
Kuburikidza nekupindira kwehutano hwemhepo yemukati, yakadai sekushandiswa kweHEPA air purifiers, kuburikidza ne-multi-layer structure, iyo inosvibisa inopindirwa mutsara nehupamhi, kuitira kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuchenesa mhepo.Kushandisa HEPA mhepo yekuchenesa kunogona kuchenesa 81.7% yechinhu chiri mumhepo paunenge uchibika mumba, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwezvinhu zvemukati zvemukati.
Mhedzisiro yekupindira kwenguva pfupi kwevanochenesa mhepo yemukati inoratidza kuti kupindira kwenguva pfupi kwekuchenesa mweya kunogona kubatsira kune hutano hwemoyo.Kunyange zvazvo mhedzisiro yakakosha yekudzikisa kuderera kweropa munguva pfupi isiri pachena, ine zvikomborero zviri pachena pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwemwoyo we autonomic function (kusiyana kwemwoyo).Pamusoro pezvo, ine zvakare kuderedzwa kuri pachena uye kuvandudza mhedzisiro pane kuzvimba chinhu biological zviratidzo muropa remunhu peripheral, coagulation ye cardiovascular system, oxidative kukuvara kwezvinhu uye zvimwe zviratidzo, uye zvine mhedzisiro iri pachena munguva pfupi.PM2.5 zvidzidzo zvekudzidza zvaive nepamusoro-soro yeropa uye peripheral blood inflammatory markers, uye air purifier kupindira kwakakonzera kuderera kukuru kwemukati PM2.5.
Mune mamwe marefu-refu emukati memukati mayedzo ekupindira kwehutano hwemhepo, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaona kuti kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwemhepo yekuchenesa mhepo yekupindira kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya BP yezvidzidzo uye kuita basa mukuderedza BP.
Kazhinji, zvichibva pane zvakaburitswa zvidzidzo, mazhinji ezvidzidzo zvekupindira akashandisa a randomized double-blind (crossover) controlled study design, chiyero cheuchapupu chakakwira, uye nzvimbo dzekutsvagira ndedzezvivakwa zvevagari vemo zvinosanganisira dzimba, zvikoro, zvipatara neruzhinji. nzvimbo Mirira.Zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakashandisa kuchenesa mhepo yemukati senzira dzekupindira (dzose dzemumba nedzekunze mabhureki), uye mamwe akashandisa matanho ekupindira umo masystem emhepo emukati memhepo nemidziyo yekuchenesa zvakavhurwa panguva imwe chete.Kucheneswa kwemhepo kwaibatanidzwa kwaive kwepamusoro-kushanda kwechikamu chekubvisa uye kucheneswa (HEPA).Panguva imwecheteyo, ine zvakare kutsvagisa uye kushandiswa kweasina kunaka ion air purifier, activated carbon, electrostatic dust collection uye mamwe matekinoroji.Nguva yetsvakurudzo pamusoro pehutano hwevanhu inosiyana.Kana kutariswa kwemukati memhepo kunaka kuri nyore, nguva yekupindira inowanzobva pavhiki 1 kusvika pagore.Kana kuongororwa kwehutano hwezvakatipoteredza nemigumisiro yehutano hunoitwa panguva imwe chete, inowanzova chidzidzo chenguva pfupi nechiyero chikuru.Vazhinji vari mukati memavhiki mana.
Ndichiri kuvandudza kunaka kwemweya wemukati, kucheneswa kwemhepo kwemukati kunogona zvakare kuvandudza kutarisisa, kugona kuchikoro, uye kunaka kwekurara kwevadzidzi kana vanhu.
Kubudirira kupindira kwehutano hwemhepo mukati kunogona kuderedza zvinobudirira kusvibiswa kwegasi remukati, nokudaro kudzivirira hutano hwedu.Kunyanya kana nguva yekumba yave kurebesa, vanochenesa mweya vanogona kuperekedza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo mukati, kuchenesa mhepo yemukati, uye kuchengetedza hutano hwemuviri.
Kushandiswa kwekuchenesa mweya kuchava imwe yenzira dzedu dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira zvirwere nekuvandudza kushanda kwemoyo nemapapu, pane izvo zvinonzi nevamwe vanhu "pseudoscience" uye "IQ tax".Ehe, mushure mekunge iyo yekuchenesa mhepo yashandiswa kweimwe nguva yenguva,sefainofanira kutsiviwa nguva dzose, kuchenesa nekugadzirisa kunofanira kuitwa, uye kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kudzivirira kuitika kwezvisingadikanwi ne-zvigadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-25-2022